Ishii shiro biography examples
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Unit 731
Japanese biological, chemical warfare enhet (1936–1945)
| Unit 731 | |
|---|---|
The enhet 731 complex | |
| Location | Pingfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Manchukuo (now China) |
| Coordinates | 45°36′31″N126°37′55″E / 45.60861°N 126.63194°E / 45.60861; 126.63194 |
| Date | 1936–1945 |
Attack type | |
| Weapons |
|
| Deaths | Estimated 23,000[1] to 300,000[2]
|
| Perpetrators | |
Unit 731 (Japanese: 731部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai),[note 1] short for Manchu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment[3]: 198 and the Ishii Unit,[5] was a covert biological and kemikalie warfareresearch
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(This is the paper for oral presentation at the symposium "Japanese Human Experimentation in Wartime China: inquiries into its historical, political, cultural and ethical issues" [S31] in the 22nd International församling of History of Science, Beijing, July 29, 2005. References are left unchanged from a längre version (with Chinese characters and Japanese texts. PDF, 960KB), but the paragraphs mentioning "rotten leg diseases" were added. The numbers with [* ] notes the number of the slides showed in the speech.
I am grateful if you send me some comments, since I'm still revising this for the complete utgåva that should be published as a chapter of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics, Oxford University Press, forthcoming.)
JAPANESE MEDICAL ATROCITIES 1932-45: WHAT, WHO, HOW AND WHY?
Takashi TSUCHIYA
Associate Professor
Department of Philosophy
Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences
Osaka City University
Osaka 558-8585, Japan
tsuchiya@lit.osaka-cu.
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Japan’s Hellish Unit 731
By David D. Barrett
The final months of World War II saw the liberation of hundreds of ghastly concentration camps and the awful reality of Nazi racism. For more than seven decades those atrocities, including the use of human beings for medical experiments, have been common knowledge. Far less known is the wholesale slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Chinese by a Japanese organization known as Unit 731.
Established for the purpose of developing biological and chemical weapons, Unit 731 exceeded by a year the duration of the Third Reich. While biological and chemical weapons were not new to warfare, Japanese testing on human subjects was unparalleled even by the Nazis.
What makes this descent into barbarity all the more stunning was the Japanese contribution to medical science just three decades earlier. A U.S. Army doctor named Lewis Livingston Seaman observed colleagues who were attending to the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during the Russo-